The introduction of new species is one method of agricultural development in each region. In this order, seeds of exotic medicinal species were imported from foreign research centers and a research program has been conducted in the field of Medicinal Plants Institute-ACECR in karaj-Iran along 1999-2004. The possibility of production was evaluated via study of their phonological stages f cultivated plants. Of course, selection of species was on the base of parameters such as medicinal properties and their active constituents, which sited in scientific references. The seeds of plants which need to indirect cultivation were planted in greenhouse at February and then seedlings transplanted to field in spring. The other seeds were planted directly in spring at the field. The results showed that 33 exotic species had good performance in direct of their growth & development characters which can be indicated to production potential of these species at karaj ecological conditions. In this study, it is determined that some of medicinal species which are valuable in herbal medicine have high performance for studied conditions such as Echinacea purpurea, Thymus vulgaris, Lavandula angustifolia, Saponaria officinalis, Valeriana officinalis, Tanacetum parthenium, Chrisanthemum cinerarifolium and so on.

Exotic pet owners, ranging from small mammals to reptiles, comprise a considerable portion of veterinary clients. Parasitic infections are a threat both for the animal health and the health of the owner. This study aimed to investigate the gastrointestinal parasite species commonly encountered in exotic animal veterinary practice. Exotic pets’ fecal samples were examined for fecal parasites macroscopically and microscopically by saline fecal smears, fecal floatation and specific staining. Chi-squared test to investigate the association between the presence and type of the parasites with host species and clinical symptoms (p < 0.05). Three hundred fecal samples, including 262 from small mammals, 37 from reptiles and 1 from primate were investigated for gastrointestinal endoparasites. The exotic pet species consisted of Lagomorpha (189/300; 63%), Rodentia (68/300; 22.66%), Reptilia (37/189; 12.33%), Eulipotyphla (4/300; 1.3%), a sugar glider and a marmoset. Thirty-nine samples were found to be infected with at least one gastrointestinal parasite (13%). Parasites observed in the feces of exotic pets included oocysts, strongyle-shaped eggs, oxyurid eggs (Passalurus ambiguous) and cestode eggs. A sample from a guinea pig was diagnosed to be infected with Cryptosporidium sp. There was no significant association between clinical symptoms and host species with parasite infection (p > 0.05). Considering the continuous species alteration, the unidentified sources of the pets in the market, and the potential of zoonotic infections periodical surveys on the common pet species and their parasitic infection are inevitable. Subclinical intestinal parasites in pet animals may alter the well-being of the companion animal if adjoined with poor management. Usually there is no need for anti-parasitic therapy in an animal without clinical signs, but regular diagnostic tests for parasites are advisable for effective veterinary practice.

Cantharidin is one of the most well- known compounds which have ever been fascinating in medicine due to its effects on human and domestic animals. It is produced naturally by beetles of family Meloidae and Oedemeridae, however a considerable spectra of other insects sequestered it too.  Cantharidin along with the other analogue, Palasonin, which has a methyl group less than it, found in the hemolymph and all tissues of both cantharidin producing and cantharipilous taxa. Although, palasonon mostly found in low volume, some species bear it even in a higher amount than cantharidin; thus it may be regarded as a precursor for cantharidin synthesis in producing taxa. Measuring titre of both chemicals in Iranian blister beetles from Nahavand county, Hamedan Province and some other species from France, Italy and South Africa, we have tried to have an index to differentiate species or at least different poulations of the same species as it has already done for family Staphylinidae. In this way, cantharidin may not be a good inicator, but it seems more effective along with other analogues, chemicals and some simple physiological information. Cantharidin/Palasonin ratio (C:P) is a better index which seems efficient in dividing European species from similar South African ones. Palasonin itself can be used to diffrentiate Iranian species from all other studied groups. More chemicals used in this new developed method, more precise is the classification.

Background and Objectives: Plant cover as a major element of natural ecosystems has high influence from climatic indices. In this regard many models and indices were produced with the aim of clarifying the relationship between climate and plant cover. The air temperature variations have a major role in management of plant cover distribution especially in humid region. The most studies about Plant cover in Iran were based on statistical methods and remote sensing technology and only monitor vegetation changes. So presentation of climatic indices for prediction of natural plant cover is necessary. The aim of this study is evaluation and introduction of most suitable climatic thermal index and use of this for prediction the appropriate elevation for exotic species cultivation especially conifers in north of Iran forests. Materials and Methods: In the first step, three indices of WI (Warmth Index), BWI (Biological Warmth Index) and EWI (Effective Warmth Index) were calculated based on monthly mean temperature data of 34 north strip synoptic stations of Iran in decade of (2005-2014). Variation of indices with elevation was achieved as altitudinal gradient relations and the variation map of them was drawn. In second step to investigate the efficiency of calculated indices in determination the plant cover distribution, the study region was smaller and limited to educational and research Kheirud forest. In this stage the forest type’ s distribution maps of Kheirud was collected and compared with indices predicted plant cover distribution maps. Results: In this research, some new thermal indices with plant and tree cover distribution in Golestan, Mazandaran and Gilan provinces have been comparatively studied and predicted tree cover by these indices was compared with available map of Habitats forest types of Patom and Baharbon. With respect to recorded species of the region, all of the indices present good predictions for the plant cover of the region under study. The results of statistical analysis showed that effective warmth index (EWI) with highest correlation (R2=0. 96) and a lowest error value (RMSE=3. 9 oC) is the best indicator for estimation the plant cover of the region. This index by considering both range and average of the annual temperature presents the most accurate prediction (better differentiation) for plant cover especially in region that their WI index is similar. As well, the changes of indices with elevation were studied and related regression equation was presented. Furthermore, suitable height in terms of temperature conditions was proposed for exotic species that have thermal potential for importing to the north of Iran forests. Conclusion: Predicted plant cover by EWI index has more overlapping with north of Iran plant cover in compare to other two indices. Furthermore, with lower error in estimation the elevation of boundary variation has more accurate prediction. With respect to the passage of 5 decades from entering coniferous species in northern forests and cultivation of them in various elevation and The failure of most forest cultivation that conducted on the average height of less than 900 meters above sea level, based on this study proposed that in future forestry the best elevation will estimated with respect to more suitable predicted elevation by EWI index.

This checklist aims to reviews and summarize the results of the systematic and zoogeographical research on the Iranian inland ichthyofauna that has been carried out for more than 200 years. Since the work of J. J. Heckel (1846-1849), the number of valid species has increased significantly and the systematic status of many of the species has changed, and reorganization and updating of the published information has become essential. Here we take the opportunity to provide a new and updated checklist of freshwater fishes of Iran based on literature and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history and new fish collections. This article lists 288 species in 107 genera, 28 families, 22 orders and 3 classes reported from different Iranian basins. However, presence of 23 reported species in Iranian waters needs confirmation by specimens. The most diverse order is Cypriniformes (171 species, 59. 40%), followed by Gobiiformes (42 species, 14. 60%), Cyprinodontiformes (17 species, 5. 90%), and Clupeiformes (11 species, 3. 82%). Eighty-eight endemic species (30. 56%) in 7 families and 26 exotic species (9. 03%) in 9 families are listed here. Among 288 reported species, 163 (56. 6%) species are Not Evaluated (NE), 93 (32. 3%) Least Concern (LC), 11 (3. 8%) Vulnerable (VU), 8 (2. 8%) Data Deficient (DD), 7 (2. 4%) Critically Endangered (CR), 3 (1%) Near Threatened (NT), 1 (0. 3%) is Endangered (EN) and 1 (0. 3%) Extinct in the Wild (EW) of the red list of IUCN. The only reason for this high number of not listed and least concern species in the IUCN Red List is lack of information about the species at national and global levels. This shows the necessity of reconsideration of global categories and application of the IUCN Red List criteria at the national level. Considering the number of endemic fishes (88, 30. 56%) in Iran, the first step should be preparing an endemic national assessment for inclusion on the IUCN Red List. Over the last ten years, some native and exotic fishes have been translocated or introduced into natural water bodies. Aquaculture, sport fishing, control of malaria, ornamental purposes, research activities, demonstration in national fairs and accidental introduction are the main reasons for these introductions. Here, we report presence of the Alligator gar, Atractosteus spatula, as an introduced predatory fish from Marivan Lake which seems to have been released from an aquarium. In this checklist, additional, problematic species are also listed, the English/common name of each species is provided, the etymology of each genus is given, the conservation status of each species is given and the bibliographic list of most of published literature on the systematics of inland fishes is mentioned. The provided information will be necessary for the development of competent and pragmatic management plans and effective conservation policies.

The aim of this research was the studying influence of endemic and exotic afforestation on biodiversity of plant species and woody regeneration in Qaemshahr Chai-Bagh district, located in Mazandaran Province. Due to, 2 hectare area were considered in afforested stands of Acer velutinum, Alnus subcordata, Cupressus sempervirens, Pinus nigra with control area. To doing this research, 15 sample plots with 20m × 20m area were taken in each plantation and also control area. We recorded type and individual of woody regeneration with covering percent all of herbal species in micro sample plots with 1m × 1m area. For biodiversity analyses; Simpson, Shannon Wiener' s, McIntosh diversity; Margalef, Mechanic's richness; Pit and Hill's evenness indices were employed. Analyses of variance whole studied indices (for plant species and also woody regeneration) were significantly different among afforested stands. About plant biodiversity, the control area showed the most values of Simpson, McIntosh, Margalef, Mechanic, Pit and Hill's indices whereas the maximum of Shannon Wiener was detected in Pinus nigra stand. But, about the woody regeneration the greater amounts were observed in Acer velutinum for all of biodiversity indices. According to these findings, it is recommended that broad-leaved has more priority compared to needle-leaved for afforestation due to biodiversity (especially woody regeneration) development and conservation. Planting of need-leaved species should be considered in especial condition and with especial purpose beside precision studies of region ecosystem.

The importance of maintenance of naval construction and their intensity of destruction have taken our attention to carry out a research project on this connection. The aim of this research shoud be described as follows: 1- Study on natural durability of the exotic wood species (Teak, Keruing, Balau, Chengal) against marine borers. 2- Study on the effect of treatment on increasing of durability of those species. Among those species, some sampling have been choosen using C.R.S. Method. Samples, were treated (impregnated) by coal tar oil (Creosot) in Gazvin impregnation plan. The treated samplings were compared with control samples of exotic wood, also beech and oak (Iranian wood species) which have been installed in sea water according to IRG/WP. During 6, 9, 19,21,27 months, the samplings were inspected according with recommandation of IRG/WP. During this instalation period, all the control samplings (no treated), expect chengal, have been seriously attacked by marine borers. All the treated samplings, after 20 months instalation in sea water, were completely safe.